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6-Resources

6-Resources

Resources

References

1. Brewer NT, Chapman GB, Rothman AJ, Leask J, Kempe A. Increasing Vaccination: Putting Psychological Science Into Action. Psychol Sci Public Interest. 2017;18(3):149-207.

2. Vaccine hesitancy by county. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation COVID-19 Collaborative. LINK

3. COVID-19 Vaccinations by County. In COVID Data Tracker, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from CDC COVID Data Tracker: County View LINK

4. Brewer NT, Hall ME, Malo TL, Gilkey MB, Quinn B, Lathren C. Announcements Versus Conversations to Improve HPV Vaccination Coverage: A Randomized Trial. Pediatrics. 2017;139(1). LINK

5. Berenbrok LA, Gabriel N, Coley KC, Hernandez I. Evaluation of Frequency of Encounters With Primary Care Physicians vs Visits to Community Pharmacies Among Medicare Beneficiaries. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e209132. LINK

6. American Pharmacists Association. Success Stories. APhA Vaccine Confident. 2023. LINK

7. Rahmani K, Shavaleh R, Forouhi M, Disfani HF, Kamandi M, Oskooi RK, et al. The effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in reducing the incidence, hospitalization, and mortality from COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Public Health. 2022;10:873596. LINK

8. Patone M, Mei XW, Handunnetthi L, Dixon S, Zaccardi F, Shankar-Hari M, et al. Risks of myocarditis, pericarditis, and cardiac arrhythmias associated with COVID-19 vaccination or SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nature Medicine. 2022;28:410-422. LINK

9. Zaçe D, La Gatta E, Petrella L, Di Pietro ML. The impact of COVID-19 vaccines on fertility-A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vaccine. 2022;40(42):6023-6034. LINK

10. Massarotti C, Stigliani S, Maccarini E, Bovis F, Ferraro MF, Gazzo I, et al. mRNA and Viral Vector COVID-19 Vaccines Do Not Affect Male Fertility: A Prospective Study. World J Mens Health. 2022;40(4):561-569. LINK

11. Magnus MC, Gjessing HK, Eide HN. Covid-19 Vaccination during Pregnancy and First-Trimester Miscarriage. N Engl J Med. 2021;385:2008-2010. LINK

12. Oo Leik NK, Ahmedy F, Guad RM, Baharuddin DMP. Covid-19 vaccine and its consequences in pregnancy: Brief review. Annals of Medicine and Surgery. 2021;72:103103. LINK

13. Sciscent BY, Eisele CD, Ho L, King SD, Jain R, Golamari RR. COVID-19 reinfection: the role of natural immunity, vaccines, and variants. Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives. 2021;11(6):733-739. LINK

14. Rodríguez Y, Rojas M, Beltrán S, Polo F, Camacho-Domínguez, Morales SD, et al. Autoimmune and autoinflammatory conditions after COVID-19 vaccination. New case reports and updated literature review. Journal of Autoimmunity. 2022;132:102898. LINK

15. Bunis D. Do COVID-19 Vaccines Interfere With Common Prescription Drugs? AARP. 2021. LINK

16. Jabagi MJ, Botton J, Bertrand M, et al. Myocardial Infarction, Stroke, and Pulmonary Embolism After BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine in People Aged 75 Years or Older. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;327(1):80-82. LINK

17. Nannoni S, de Groot R, Bell S, Markus HS. Stroke in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Stroke. 2021;16(2):137-149. LINK

18. Howard B. 4 Surprising Benefits of the Flu Shot. AARP. 2023. LINK

19. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HHS Launches Bridge Access Program to Safeguard Free COVID-19 Vaccination for Uninsured and Underinsured Adults. 2023. LINK

20. Mohammed I, Nauman A, Paul P, Ganesan S, Chen K-H, Jalil SMS, et al. The efficacy and effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccines in reducing infection, severity, hospitalization, and mortality: a systematic review. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics. 2022;18(1):2027160. LINK

21. Xu S, Huang R, Sy LS, Glenn SC, Ryan DS, Morrissette K, et al. COVID-19 Vaccination and Non-COVID-19 Mortality Risk – Seven Integrated Health Care Organizations, United States, December 14, 2020-July 31, 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021;70(43):1520-1524. LINK

22. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Respiratory Virus Activity Levels. Updated Sept 18, 2024. LINK

23. American Pharmacists Association. Addressing the belief that COVID-19 vaccination is “not needed”. APhA Vaccine Confident. 2023. LINK

24. Tenforde MW, Self WH, Gaglani M, et al. Effectiveness of mRNA vaccination in preventing COVID-19–associated invasive mechanical ventilation and death—United States, March 2021–January 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022;71(12):459–465. LINK

25. Godoy M, Stein R, Greenhalgh J. The new COVID boosters are coming: Here’s what you need to know. NPR.org. Published Sept 13, 2023. LINK

26. CNBC. “Why It’s Impossible to Put Tracking Microchips in Covid Vaccines.” YouTube. 2021. LINK

27. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Bust Myths and Learn the Facts about COVID-19 Vaccines. 2023. LINK

28. NC Department of Health and Human Services, North Carolina Immunization Branch. Immunizing Pharmacists. 2020. LINK

29. Grabenstein JD. Essential services: Quantifying the contributions of America’s pharmacists in COVID-19 clinical interventions. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association. 2022;62(6):1929-1945.e1. LINK

30. Mayo Clinic Staff. COVID-19 vaccines: Get the facts. Mayo Clinic, 2023. LINK

31. Johns Hopkins Medicine. COVID-19 Vaccine: What You Need to Know. The Johns Hopkins University. 2023. LINK

32. Health Resources and Services Administration. FY 2023 COVID-19 Bridge Funding Awards. 2023. LINK

33. National Human Genome Research Institute. Understanding COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines. National Institutes of Health. 2021. LINK

34. Kates J and Cox C. Insurance Coverage of Updated COVID-19 Vaccines: A Cheat Sheet. KFF. 2023. LINK

35. American Cancer Society. COVID-19 Vaccines in People with Cancer. American Cancer Society. Published 2024. Accessed June 12, 2024. LINK

36. Mayo Clinic Staff. Debunking COVID-19 myths. Mayo Clinic. Published May 16, 2024. Accessed June 12, 2024. LINK

37. City of Hope. Why are cancer rates rising in adults under 50? City of Hope. Published January 17, 2023. Accessed June 12, 2024. LINK

38. Sittplangkoon C, Alameh MG, Weissman D, et al. mRNA vaccine with unmodified uridine induces robust type I interferon-dependent anti-tumor immunity in a melanoma model. Front Immunol. 2022;13:983000. Published 2022 Oct 14. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.983000. LINK

39. Novavax prepared to deliver JN.1 protein-based non-mRNA Covid-19 vaccine this fall consistent with U.S. FDA guidance. Novavax. Published June 10, 2024. Accessed July 7, 2024. LINK

40. Marchese AM, Beyhaghi H, Orenstein WA. With established safe and effective use, protein vaccines offer another choice against COVID-19. Vaccine. 2022;40(46):6567-6569. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.09.064. LINK

41. American Pharmacists Association. Addressing Concerns About Vaccine Side Effects. APhA Vaccine Confident. 2024. LINK

42. Burns A. As Recommendations for Isolation End, How Common is Long COVID? KFF. April 2024. LINK

43. Mulcahy L. 7 Potential Side Effects From the Updated COVID Vaccine to Anticipate. Good Housekeeping. Oct 2023. LINK

44. Cleveland Clinic. COVID Vaccine. Oct 2023. LINK

45. The Annenberg Public Policy Center of the University of Pennsylvania. Factcheck.org: SciCheck’s COVID-19/Vaccination Project. FactCheck.org. 2024. Accessed July 23, 2024. LINK

46. The Annenberg Public Policy Center of the University of Pennsylvania. Our Funding. FactCheck.org. 2024. Accessed July 23, 2024. LINK

47. Pierson B. Kansas accuses Pfizer of misleading public about COVID vaccine in lawsuit. Reuters. June 17, 2024. Accessed July 23, 2024. LINK

48. Rimmer MP, Teh JJ, Mackenzie SC, Al Wattar BH. The risk of miscarriage following COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod. 2023;38(5):840-852. doi:10.1093/humrep/dead036. LINK

49. The Annenberg Public Policy Center of the University of Pennsylvania. SciCheck’s COVID-19/Vaccination Project: Posts Misinterpret Pfizer Covid-19 Vaccine Safety Monitoring Document. FactCheck.org. 2024. Accessed July 23, 2024. LINK

50. Lovelace Junior B. Are there long-term myocarditis risks after Covid vaccination? NBC News. Published November 12, 2022. Accessed July 23, 2024. LINK

51. Furqan M, Chawla S, Majid M, et al. COVID-19 Vaccine-Related Myocardial and Pericardial Inflammation. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2022;24(12):2031-2041. doi:10.1007/s11886-022-01801-6. LINK

52. Nieminen TA, Kivekäs I, Artama M, Nohynek H, Kujansivu J, Hovi P. Sudden Hearing Loss Following Vaccination Against COVID-19. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2023;149(2):133-140. doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2022.4154. LINK

53. Chen X, Fu YY, Zhang TY. Role of viral infection in sudden hearing loss. J Int Med Res. 2019;47(7):2865-2872. doi:10.1177/0300060519847860. LINK

54. Cohen BE, Durstenfeld A, Roehm PC. Viral causes of hearing loss: a review for hearing health professionals. Trends Hear. 2014;18:2331216514541361. doi:10.1177/23312165145413611. LINK

55. Ríos Coronado OO, Igual Félix CA, Paz Flores G, et al. Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: Audiometric Findings in Patients with Audiological Symptoms. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(17):6697. doi:10.3390/ijerph20176697. LINK

56. Sauerwein K. Risk of death from COVID-19 lessens, but infection still can cause issues 3 years later. Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. Published May 30, 2024. Accessed June 17, 2024. LINK

57. Marcelo P. No evidence that DNA sequence used in Pfizer shot leads to cancer and other health issues. AP News. Published November 20, 2023. Accessed January 21, 2025. . LINK

58. The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. Do DNA Fragments in COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines Cause Harm? YouTube. Published January 3, 2024. Accessed January 21, 2025. LINK

59. Wan EYF, Chui CSL, Lai FTT, Chan EWY, Li X, Yan VKC, et al. Bell’s palsy following vaccination with mRNA (BNT162b2) and inactivated (CoronaVac) SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: a case series and nested case-control study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2022 Jan;22(1):64-72. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00451-5. Epub 2021 Aug 16. Erratum in: Lancet Infect Dis. 2023 Oct;23(10):e400. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(23)00561-3. PMID: 34411532; PMCID: PMC8367195.LINK

60. Shahsavarinia K, Mahmoodpoor A, Sadeghi-Ghyassi F, Nedayi A, Razzaghi A, Zehi Saadat M, Salehi-Pourmehr H. Bell’s Palsy and COVID-19 Vaccination: A Systematic Review. Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2022 Jul 30;36:85. doi: 10.47176/mjiri.36.85. PMID: 36128311; PMCID: PMC9448503.LINK

61. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Vaccines for Children (VFC) Program Eligibility. Updated July 1, 2024. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines-for-children/hcp/program-eligibility/index.html. LINK

About

We would like to acknowledge financial support provided by the UNC Eshelman Institute for Innovation. This project was supported by funds from the Office of the Chancellor at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences.

The content is solely the responsibility of the authors.

We would like to acknowledge our stakeholder development panel, including Stephen Hill, Erica Mabry, Trish Mashburn, and Megan Smith, who dedicated time and hard work to the development of this module.

We would also like to acknowledge our volunteer actors for the video segments. We offer a special thank you to Dr. Kathryn Fuller, Angela Lyght, Dr. Phil Rodgers, and Dr. Dennis Williams for their assistance.

The project was coordinated by Dr. Delesha Carpenter, Associate Professor in the Division of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy (DPOP) at the University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Abby Gamble, also of DPOP, and Dr. Geoffrey Curran, Professor of Pharmacy Practice and Psychiatry at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS).

The course was produced by the MEDIA team at the UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy in Chapel Hill, and updated by Lars Sahl.